Stairs on steel beams; 1 - steel bar, 2 - Klein's album, 3 - landing beam, 4 - brick or concrete steps. Steel stairs. In apartment buildings, office and public utility buildings with a steel structure […]

Shapes of reinforced concrete stairs (monolithic): a) single speed, b) two-speed broken, c) two-speed, d) treatment, e) spiral, f) three-speed broken, g) three-speed, h) fan-shaped. Reinforced concrete stairs. Reinforced concrete stairs can be made of monolithic concrete or of elements […]

Ladder stairs: a) based on wooden beams, b) on reinforced concrete ceilings; 1 - cheek bar, 2 - degrees, 3 - handrail, 4 - connecting plates, 5 - kotew, 6 - ceiling beam. Wooden stairs. W […]

Moving stairs: a) longitudinal section, b) cross sections; 1 - stair drive, 2 - flight of stairs, 3 - housing, 4 - handrail, 5 - ceilings. Escalators are used to transport people in department stores, on […]

The division of stairs due to the angle of inclination and the dimensions of the steps used in buildings for various purposes. The maximum height of the steps should not exceed: 15 cm - in buildings of health care facilities, kindergartens, 17,5 cm […]

Staircase: a) general view, b) horizontal sections (throws) individual storeys; 1 - external wall, 2 - inner wall (transverse), 3 - running with steps, 4 - inter-story landing, 5 - multi-story landing, 6 — […]

Combustion and smoke ventilation blocks: a) ventilation and smoke blocks, b) ventilation blocks with individual duct, c) combustion blocks with a collecting conduit; 1 - base block, 2 - connection block. For smoke and ventilation ducts […]

Horizontal joints of external walls: a) connection view 4 boards in the corners, b) vertical sections; 1 - wall, 2 - ceiling slab, 3 - cement mortar. Connectors of the Szczecin system The figure shows the connections of internal walls with […]

Horizontal joints of internal walls and ceilings (W-70): a) resting the ceilings on the load-bearing wall, b) resting the ceilings on the stiffening wall; 1 - interior wall elements, 2 - floor slabs, 3 - rectifying screw, 4 - concrete, […]

WUF-T systems, WWP and others Both WUF-T and WWP (Wroclaw Great Plate), as well as other systems had similar solutions to those described earlier. Mostly, all systems were based on a structural system consisting of plate elements. Were different […]